![]() ![]() The navigation systems used in en route phase shall be operational compatible with approach and landing systems. ![]() The en route phase is comprised from completion of initial climb through cruise altitude and completion of controlled descent to the initial approach fix. These applications are considered safety critical applications. On the other hand, GNSS information is not used in en-route and Terminal Control Area(TCA) Trajectory Management. DME, ILS and MLS) and On-Board Navigation Means, such as Inertial Navigation Systems. The GNSS solution may be combined with Terrestrial Aids, (e.g. The GNSS information will be obtained from global navigation system and augmentation systems such as: In the future, GNSS is foreseen to become the main source of positioning data for en route and terminal area operations.Ĭurrently, GNSS information is already used in en route and Terminal Control Area Positioning, in order to determine the Horizontal position of the aircraft. Although these safety ground based systems are being used in the aviation industry, as well as the Visual Navigation procedures, they lack the flexibility of point-to-point operations. In terms of en route navigation systems, the conventional ground-based navigation aids (e.g., VOR, NDB, ILS), limit the routes and procedures to their physical locations. Safety solutions are a demand in all flight phases in order to cope with traffic capacity, all-weather conditions and efficiency. Currently the aviation industry faces meaningful challenges to overcome the services increasing across the world. ![]()
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